Marketing 1.0

| Feature | What it looked like | | :--- | :--- | | | Product features and functional utility (e.g., “This washing machine has a spin cycle.”) | | Media | Mass, one-way channels: newspapers, radio, billboards, early TV. | | Message | Informational and rational. “Here is a new thing. It works. Buy it.” | | Customer Role | Passive recipient. A “target” to be hit, not a person to be understood. | | Technology | Production lines, logistics, printing presses. |