A is a fracture that occurs when a material expands or contracts unevenly due to temperature fluctuations. Unlike impact damage, these cracks are driven by internal forces; as one part of a material heats up and expands while an adjacent part stays cool and rigid, the resulting "tug-of-war" creates tension that exceeds the material's strength. Thermal Stress in Glass

A "thermal stress crack" refers to a type of crack or fracture that occurs in materials, particularly in solids, due to thermal stress. Thermal stress arises when a material is subjected to a significant change in temperature, which causes it to expand or contract. If this expansion or contraction is constrained, stresses can build up within the material. When these stresses exceed the material's strength, a crack can form.