Armenia Territorial Dispute -

The roots of the modern conflict trace back to the early 20th century and the subsequent Sovietization of the South Caucasus.

As of mid-April 2026, the risk of full-scale war is considered "highly unlikely" following a landmark mediation. armenia territorial dispute

With Karabakh gone, the dispute has moved west to the Armenia-Azerbaijan international border. Here lies a dangerous ambiguity: the border is still largely that of the Soviet-era administrative lines, which were never demarcated because neither side expected the USSR to collapse. The roots of the modern conflict trace back

The central pillar of the dispute was the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh). Legally recognized internationally as part of Azerbaijan, the region was populated predominantly by ethnic Armenians who, as the Soviet Union collapsed, declared independence. The resulting war in the 1990s ended in an Armenian military victory, giving Yerevan control over not just Karabakh but seven surrounding Azerbaijani districts (the "Security Belt"). Here lies a dangerous ambiguity: the border is

In September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a full-scale military operation to reclaim its territories.