(not reproduced here).
To understand the tragedy, one must look at the decades of migration that preceded it. Under the government’s transmigration program, many Madurese families moved to Borneo seeking better economic opportunities. Over time, cultural differences and competition for resources created an undercurrent of resentment. Small-scale skirmishes occurred throughout the 1990s, but the situation reached a breaking point in February 2001 in the town of Sampit. tragedi madura vs dayak