Valence = 6. Non-bonding = 0. Bonding = 8 (four bonds). (FC = 6 - 0 - ½(8) = 6 - 0 - 4 = +2)

S / \ O O / \ O O

For most general and organic chemistry purposes, the Lewis structure of SO₄²⁻ is depicted as:

The four oxygen atoms are spaced as far apart as possible, resulting in a Tetrahedral shape. Bond Angle: Approximately 109.5° . Hybridization: The sulfur atom is sp3s p cubed hybridized . Resonance in SO42−cap S cap O sub 4 raised to the 2 minus power

Lewis structure is a fundamental step in mastering chemistry. The sulfate ion is a polyatomic anion that plays a critical role in everything from industrial manufacturing to biological processes.