61869-9
| Aspect | Analog (IEC 61869-2/3) | Digital (IEC 61869-9) | |--------|------------------------|------------------------| | Wiring | Copper, twisted pairs | Fiber optic or Ethernet | | Signal degradation | Yes (burden, distance) | No (digital bits) | | Multiple IEDs | Series or parallel loops | Multicast Ethernet | | Time stamping | At each IED (skew) | At MU (common time) | | Diagnostics | None | Comprehensive |
Here is why ISO/HL7 61869-9 is critical: 61869-9



